Pot-Bouille

Par Émile Zola

Une édition de référence de Pot-Bouille d’Émile Zola, spécialement conçue pour la lecture sur les supports numériques.


« – De grâce ! n’en parlons plus, finit par dire Octave. Vraiment, ça ne vaut pas la peine... Madame, votre café est exquis, je n’en ai jamais bu de pareil.

Elle rougit de nouveau, et si fort, que ses mains elles-mêmes devinrent roses.

– Ne la gâtez pas, monsieur, dit gravement M. Vuillaume. Son café est bon, mais il y en a de meilleur. Et vous voyez comme elle a été fière tout de suite !

– La fierté ne vaut rien, déclara Mme Vuillaume. Nous lui avons toujours recommandé la modestie. » (Extrait du chapitre 4)

• Langue: Français
• Éditeur: Candide & Cyrano
• Date de sortie: 1 janv. 2012
• ISBN: 9782806242310

Émile Zola

Émile Zola (1840-1902) was a French novelist, journalist, and playwright. Born in Paris to a French mother and Italian father, Zola was raised in Aix-en-Provence. At 18, Zola moved back to Paris, where he befriended Paul Cézanne and began his writing career. During this early period, Zola worked as a clerk for a publisher while writing literary and art reviews as well as political journalism for local newspapers. Following the success of his novel Thérèse Raquin (1867), Zola began a series of twenty novels known as Les Rougon-Macquart, a sprawling collection following the fates of a single family living under the Second Empire of Napoleon III. Zola’s work earned him a reputation as a leading figure in literary naturalism, a style noted for its rejection of Romanticism in favor of detachment, rationalism, and social commentary. Following the infamous Dreyfus affair of 1894, in which a French-Jewish artillery officer was falsely convicted of spying for the German Embassy, Zola wrote a scathing open letter to French President Félix Faure accusing the government and military of antisemitism and obstruction of justice. Having sacrificed his reputation as a writer and intellectual, Zola helped reverse public opinion on the affair, placing pressure on the government that led to Dreyfus’ full exoneration in 1906. Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902, Zola is considered one of the most influential and talented writers in French history.

Avis sur Pot-Bouille

[sushitori · Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles]

Interesting study of middle class life in 19th century Paris but the men were too obsessed with who they would sleep with next. Nice background on the development of apartment buildings as a new way of living for the bourgeoise.

[arubabookwoman · Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles]

Having completed Pot Luck, I am now half-way through my Rougon-Macquart journey. In Pot Luck, Zola takes on the bourgeoisie, in a story revolving around Octave Mouret. Octave is the son of the Mourets whose downfall is chronicled in The Conquest of Plassans, and the brother of the priest whose downfall is told in The Sin of Father Mouret. Octave will fare somewhat better, but perhaps only because for the most part he is simply the vortex around which the tragedies in this story swirl.Everytime I see the title of this book in French (Pot-Bouille), I think "Pot Boiler" (I don't speak French). According to the translator, the French title is actually untranslatable. Zola meant to convey the idea of a melting pot of sexual promiscuity, as well as "the messy mish-mash of moral and physical corruption concealed beneath the veneer of bourgeois respectability."The main characters all live in an apartment building, which in itself is a metaphorical character in this novel. The building has an impressive facade, and an ornate lobby and stairways. But beneath the facade, the building is crumbling. The central courtyard of the building is a frequent element--here the inhabitants dispose of their waste, and here, at the rear windows the servants gossip of the foibles of their employers. A constant stench permeates the core of the building.No one character takes precedence in this novel; there is an ensemble cast. All are essentially flawed and hypocritical, engaging in adultry while insisting on absolute propriety from their servants and from the other tenants. Even the parish priest participates in maintaining the facade of respectability: "He had finally been obliged to concern himself with outward appearances only, as a sort of master of ceremonies covering the corrupt bourgoisie with the cloak of religion...."Octave himself is told by one of the other tenants: "You see, these kinds of houses are built for effect. The walls, though, aren't very solid. The house was built twelve years ago, and already they're cracking. They build the frontage with all sorts of sculpture, give the staircase three coats of varnish, and touch up the rooms with gilt and paint; that's what impresses people and inspires respect." Nevertheless, Zola tells us that, "from the dark bowels of the narrow courtyard only the stench of drains came up, like the smell of the hidden filth of the various families, stirred up by the servants' rancour."I had planned not to reread he next volume in the series, The Ladies' Paradise since I initially read it within the last five years or so. However, The Ladies' Paradise, the store, played an important role in Pot Luck, and some of the characters carry over into The Ladies' Paradise, so I've decided to go ahead and reread it in sequence.

[therebelprince · Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles]

"Have you read this new novel?", asked Leon... "It's well written, but it's another adultery story; they really are going too far!"

I don't think Pot Luck is one of my favourites of Zola's Rougon-Macquart but it's nonetheless quite a good book. Set in an apartment building in the 1860s, Zola mercilessly tears the delicate layers of gentility off of bourgeois morality to expose the many crimes and misdemeanours taking place therein. The tenth in the series, this might be the first time I think the book would have worked far better in serialised format; in novel form - especially 140 years on - it almost feels a bit "fluffy" compared to the previous novels. Nevertheless, this is important as the midpoint, introducing Octave Mouret who will be the lead character of the next novel, The Ladies' Paradise.

The book kind of does what it says on the tin, but it's full of those memorable set-pieces for which Zola is known. At this point in his career, he was at last a respected (if highly controversial!) novelist, and his talent for character work is on display. Not just in creating multifarious individuals, but in showing them from multiple points-of-view. No-one is safe from the savagery of his pen.

[thorold_1 · Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles]

Zola takes the risky step of turning the full blast of his satire on the very people who buy his books, the rising urban middle class, the people who like to represent themselves as the guardians of propriety, moderation and good taste. And who aspire to the sort of haut-bourgeois lifestyle that they don't quite have the money, the leisure, or the education to sustain. The author removes the front wall of a grand-but-shoddy Paris apartment building (rather as Perec did, a century later) and shows us all the unpleasant things that are going on inside it, with a lack of inhibition that makes other 19th century realists look like models of restraint and self-censorship. To add insult to injury, he also goes behind the green baize door and shows his readers that their servants know all about what their masters are up to (and all the other tenants in the building, because the builder's meanness in making all the kitchens face onto a hidden lightwell has given the servants a handy private way of gossiping from apartment to apartment). Most of the scandals, of course, revolve around sex and/or money. Daughters are married off with fraudulent promises of financial settlements on both sides, siblings are cheated out of inheritances, husbands keep mistresses, wives take lovers, the double-standard is applied with impeccable hypocrisy, and the priest and the doctor try to clean up the mess. Zola goes a lot further than most 19th century novelists in showing us both men and women who are driven by purely sexual desire - the wish for love, affection, power or even money takes second place. And he violates some important taboos by showing us (just for example) a husband carrying on with his invalid wife's cousin in the family home, or a young man who spends his nights with the maids in their attic bedrooms, or a maid who is carrying on a passionate affair with the teenage daughter of the family.At times, the story turns into a hilarious farce, there is just so much going on, and every character is connected to so many different stories. And Zola even inserts a version of himself into the story, as the one tenant in the house who manages to stay out of all the messiness but has attracted the attention of the police by publishing an "unsuitable" novel.But he also makes sure we realise that there are actual lives of real people at stake, not just middle-class reputations, and he doesn't scruple to rub our noses into the consequences of all this unbridled sex. Half a chapter is devoted to a (very) graphic description of the experience of childbirth from the point of view of a frightened servant who has managed to keep her pregnancy a secret and now has to face delivery on her own, without any preparation. Probably the first time anyone did that in mainstream fiction. And we meet another lower-class unmarried mother, made homeless by a landlord concerned for the respectability of the house just before her baby is due, and later, when suspected of infanticide, sent to prison by the same man in his capacity as a magistrate. Tess of the D'Urbervilles, but with real blood. And other body fluids.Nana may have been a pretty hard act to follow, but this book seems to manage all right...

[smiler69 · Évaluation : 4 sur 5 étoiles]

Librairie Générale Française (1974), Mass Market Paperback, 510 pages (French Edition)Original publication date: 1882I was rather amused to find that in the introduction to this cheap, badly printed paperback edition, Mr. D'Armand Lanoux, a writer who had received the Prix Goncourt, in what is an oh so very typical French fashion, rather than telling the reader what delights are in store for him or her, went about explaining everything that is wrong with this novel, and how this work is the 'dark' counterpoint to Zola's next novel in the Rougon-Macquart series, Au Bonheur des Dames (The Ladies' Paradise). It seems Pot Bouille was not originally included in the master plan for the Rougon-Macquart series which Zola had given his publisher from the outset, but was inserted once it had been completed. Originally, Au Bonheur des Dames was to be an optimistic novel. However, Zola was feeling anything but when came the time to write it, over a decade after the first novel of the series, The Fortune of the Rougons had been launched in 1871. Lanoux explains that Pot Bouille was written when Zola was into his 40s and experiencing middle-age crisis, was generally unhappy with life, somewhat retired from society and raging and fulminating about everything, though he was by then a very successful author. With this novel, Zola was at the apogee of Naturalism: "Émile Zola's works had a frankness about sexuality along with a pervasive pessimism. Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, violence, prejudice, disease, corruption, prostitution, and filth. As a result, naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for focusing too much on human vice and misery." (Wikipedia). There is plenty of all that to be found here, and Zola's original readers were no doubt shocked by his approach. Zola spelled out his agenda for this novel in a personal note: "Talking about the bourgeoisie is to formulate the most violent accusation one can direct toward French society" [my translation]. According to Lanoux, Zola did this much too successfully indeed, and he leaves us as his final words that the bourgeoisie in Pot Bouille was no more representational of that hated social class than L'Assommoir was a faithful representation of the working classes of the faubourgs.True enough, it's impossible to read this novel without getting a clear sense that Zola thought the middle-classes of business owners and their wives and children were nothing but hypocrites of the worst kind, touting the virtues of religion and fidelity while living completely depraved lives in private; keeping lovers on the side, even installing their mistresses in comfortable secondary households, and all the while harshly speaking and acting against anyone whose immoral activities were revealed, especially those of the lower classes. This novel is about the inhabitants of a posh Parisian building, with a grandiose staircase with false marble walls (Zola points out this detail very neatly), where a wealthy shopkeeper and his married children live in different apartments. On one of the upper levels, lives Madame Josserand and her two unmarried daughters, Berthe and Hortense, whom she's been dragging around Paris from one sitting room to another, desperate to find them husbands. Her alcoholic and rich business owner brother has promised to provide a handsome dowry for the girls, but has never actually given them the money, and the Josserands are struggling, barely being able to afford to feed themselves and their undernourished maid Adèle, never mind having a decent dowry to offer potential husbands, so the prospects are few. But Madame Josserand is willing to make any sacrifice to keep up appearances, and she doesn't miss an occasion to berate her overworked husband, who, because of his too honest temperament, has never managed to advance much in his career, and is now forced to bring home piecemeal work at night to pay for the women's luxurious necessities. Into this building, Octave Mouret arrives from the provinces. He has great plans and intends to take Paris by storm. He's an attractive young man and intends to arrive to his ends by becoming the lover of the woman who is likeliest to advance his cause, though there is a bit of trial and error involved before he finds the right one, and a major scandal erupts in the process. What follows is a wonderful upstairs/downstairs spectacle (only in this case, the maids all live on the topmost level of the building in minuscule hovels) with the bourgeois apartment dwellers misbehaving in the most conspicuous ways, while the servants berate and abuse them behind their backs, with daily meetings at the windows of the inner courtyard, where all the master's dirty laundry and plenty of personal insults fly from one floor to the next.The 'realities' exposed here are sordid enough, but to me it seemed like a logical progression from the world or prostitution and high-class mistresses described in his previous novel, Nana. Zola's powers as a fabulous writer of fictional drama are undiminished here, and this novel reads as a great entertainment. In Madame Josserand, he creates a truly villainous woman, vociferously berating her husband at every turn in her rage about her lack of material comforts; in fact, she continues berating him until he is literally on his death-bed. I found myself thinking about Jane Austen's novels, since Madame Josserand's avowed main concern is to see her daughters well married, which is of course one of the main themes in Austen's stories, though in her defence, there were little to no other options for well-bred girls in Jane Austen's time. Zola makes it clear here that this transaction among the bourgeoisie differed little from outright prostitution, and as I read, I felt like I was possibly getting an insight into what Jane Austen's personal notes might have been (had it been possible for her to keep any), on how her characters truly acted, had she allowed herself, or indeed been able, to give all the details of how crassly humanity can behave in its quest for the comforts of home sweet home.