Unto This Last - une paraphrase

Écrit par Mahatma Gandhi

Raconté par Christian Baltauss

"Unto this last" est un essai de John Ruskin de 1860, qui critique de l'économie capitaliste du 18e et 19e siècle, et est généralement considéré comme étant un précurseur de l'économie sociale. Ce texte fut violemment critiqué après sa publication.
C'est en 1904, en Afrique du Sud, que Gandhi lit pour la première fois ce texte, qui aura une influence énorme sur ses convictions. En 1908, il adapte le texte de Ruskin en gujarati, lui donnant alors le titre de « Sarvodaya », le bien-être de chacun, qui devint aussi le nom de sa philosophie. Cette adaptation de Gandhi fut traduite en anglais en 1951, sous le titre de "Unto This Last, une paraphrase de John Ruskin".



Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948), de son vrai nom Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, était un dirigeant politique et guide spirituel. Le terme sanskrit "mahatma" signifie "grande âme" et est un titre qu'il refusa toute sa vie. Il prônait entre autres la tolérance, la non-violence, et le végétarisme.

• Langue: Français
• Éditeur: SAGA Egmont
• Date de sortie: 6 avr. 2020
• ISBN: 9788726215915

Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) was an Indian lawyer, nationalist, and civil rights activist. Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, he was first given the honorary title of Mahatma—Sanskrit for “great-souled”—in 1914 while living in South Africa. Raised in Gujarat in a prominent Hindu family, he travelled to London and studied law at the Inner Temple. Called to the Bar in 1891, Gandhi returned to India for a brief time before settling in South Africa. There, he started a family while perfecting his style of nonviolent resistance grounded in civil disobedience. In 1915, he returned to his native country to join the fight against British rule, organizing peasants across India to take a stand against taxation, racism, and other forms of colonial oppression. He became the leader of the Indian National Congress in 1921 and increased his involvement with the movements for women’s rights, religious and ethnic equality, and the elimination of India’s caste system, which unjustly effected Dalits deemed untouchable from birth. His central cause, however, was Swaraj, which can be translated as self-governance or democracy. As his popularity increased, he simplified his lifestyle in solidarity with the Indian poor, wearing traditional clothing, eating vegetarian food, and fasting as a matter of personal hygiene and protest. In 1930, he led the twenty-five day Dandi Salt March or Salt Satyagraha, in response to a British salt tax, inspiring millions of Indians to take direct action against British rule. A proponent of religious pluralism, he lamented the interfaith violence between Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims that broke out following independence and the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. At 78 years old, he was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist for his outreach to the Muslim community.